As you can see, you can change individual cursors if you particularly dislike one, but instead, click on the pull-down menu under "Scheme". You can see, mine currently says "Windows Aero (system scheme)". Clicking on it reveals a lot of options:

It's a bit hard to read (ironically) but in addition to the standard Aero scheme, there's also "Windows Aero (large)" and "Windows Aero (extra large)". Choose the extra large scheme, click "Apply" on the lower right of the window, and look how much bigger the cursor just got:

Easy enough, and it'll remember across restarts so you should be good to go. Decide it's too big? Try just "large" as a compromise.
Tip: there are also third-party fun cursor apps you can download. Avoid them all. Every single one of them. Why? Because it's a very common transmission vector for viruses and spyware.